Published January 16, 2025 | Version v2
Dataset Open

Data and code for the manuscript "Future snow scenarios for Northern Europe based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 data" by Petri Räisänen et al.

Creators

  • 1. Finnish Meteorological Institute

Contributors

Work package leader:

Description

This dataset contains analyses of changes in snow conditions in Northern Europe (land areas between 4-40 E, 50-72N) simulated by the latest CMIP6 generation of global climate models. Also provided are fortran programs and GrADS and R scripts employed to generate the results in the manuscript (Räisänen et al. 2025, International Journal of Climatology; revised version in January 2025).

REFERENCE TO THE MANUSCRIPT (please refer to the final accepted version if/when the paper will be accepted):

Räisänen, P., Luomaranta, A., and Jylhä, K. (2025): Future snow scenarios for Northern Europe based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 data. International Journal of Climatology, revised.

Methods

The starting point for the analysis was daily snow water equivalent (SWE) data for CMIP6 models for years 1951-2100, where historical experiments extending to year 2014 were combined with Shared Socieconomic Pathways scenarios SSP126, SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585 for years 2015-2100. A single ensemble member (i.e., model run) was analyzed for 15-17 CMIP6 models, depending on the scenario. In addition, large single-model ensembles (40-50 parallel runs) were analyzed for three CMIP6 models (ACCESS-ESM1-5, CanESM5 and MIROC6) for the SSP245 scenario. Based on these data, several snow season metrics were first computed for each "snow year" (from 1 Sep of the previous year to 31 Aug) in the period 1951-2100. These metrics included (but are not limited to) the maximum SWE in winter and the length, start date and end date of the longest continuous snow period. Based on these yearly metrics, trends over the periods 1951-2023 and 2023-2100 and 20-year running-mean changes compared to the reference period 1981-2010 were further computed and analyzed. Similar analysis was also performed for ERA5-Land reanalysis data (years 1951-2023).

Table of contents

The contents of the data files are described in the file "README_data.txt". The contents of the file containing code ("code_and_scripts.zip") are described in "README_code.txt" as well as in README files included in the zip file. The terms of use for the data and the code are given in the files "License_data.txt" and "License_code.txt", respectively.

Files

areal_means.zip

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Additional details

Identifiers

URL
https://etsin.fairdata.fi/dataset/f44a3164-606e-4994-9eea-65207370da47
B2SHARE Legacy Record ID
80a6495434894b8593cc15a954566e41

Funding

Research Council of Finland
FINSCAPES 342561
EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020
CRiceS 101003826

FMI metadata

Parameter
  • Parameter name: tas_month
  • Parameter unit: K
  • Parameter description: monthly-mean 2-m air temperature (September through August)
  • Parameter name: swe_month
  • Parameter unit: kg m-2
  • Parameter description: monthly-mean snow water equivalent (September through August)
  • Parameter name: snowday_month
  • Parameter unit: unitless
  • Parameter description: monthly-mean snow occurrence (0-1) (September through August)
  • Parameter name: tas_year
  • Parameter unit: K
  • Parameter description: yearly-mean 2-m air temperature (averaged from September through August)
  • Parameter name: swe_year
  • Parameter unit: kg m-2
  • Parameter description: yearly-mean snow water equivalent (averaged from Septermber through August)
  • Parameter name: snowday_year
  • Parameter unit: unitless
  • Parameter description: yearly-mean snow occurrence (0-1) (averaged from September through August)
  • Parameter name: nsnowday
  • Parameter unit: days
  • Parameter description: number of days with snow per "snow year"
  • Parameter name: nsnowseason
  • Parameter unit: unitless
  • Parameter description: indicator for a snow season with "good statistics" (0 or 1)
  • Parameter name: dayfirst
  • Parameter unit: day of year (1 for 1 January)
  • Parameter description: day of year for the first day with snow
  • Parameter name: daylast
  • Parameter unit: day of year (1 for 1 January)
  • Parameter description: day of year for the last day with snow
  • Parameter name: daystart
  • Parameter unit: day of year (1 for 1 January)
  • Parameter description: day of year for the start of the longest snow period
  • Parameter name: dayend
  • Parameter unit: day of year (1 for 1 January)
  • Parameter description: day of year for the last day with snow
  • Parameter name: length
  • Parameter unit: days
  • Parameter description: length of the longest snow period
  • Parameter name: swemax
  • Parameter unit: kg m-2
  • Parameter description: maximum value of snow water equivalent
  • Parameter name: dayswemax
  • Parameter unit: day of year (1 for 1 January)
  • Parameter description: day of year for maximum snow water equivalent
  • Parameter name: daysnowoff1
  • Parameter unit: day of year (1 for 1 January)
  • Parameter description: snow-off day (first day with SWE < 1 kg m-2 after the maximum SWE)
  • Parameter name: daysnowoff2
  • Parameter unit: day of year (1 for 1 January)
  • Parameter description: snow-off day (first day with SWE < 1 kg m-2 after the longest snow period)
Supplemental information
This version replaces the original version created 29 Aug 2024 (some of the data recomputed at the revision stage of the paper, and some new data files added). CC-BY license applies to the data, MIT licence to the software.
Topic category
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere

Temporal Coverage

Ranges:

Start date: 1950-08-31
End date: 2100-08-30