Published May 5, 2026 | Version v5
Dataset Open

Data for manuscript:"Atmospheric and cryospheric observations at the high-altitude Zarafshon River Basin and the hydrographic party glacier (GGP), Tajikistan"

Creators

  • 1. Finnish Meteorological Institute
  • 2. Agency for Hydrometeorology under the Committee for Environmental Protection of Tajikistan
  • 3. Stockholm University

Contributors

Data curator:

Description

These data are atmospheric and cryospheric observations made at the GGP glacier in Tajikistan between 2018 and 2025. The data consists of autumn expedition observations (2018, 2019, 2021, 2023, 2024 and 2025), as well as continuous meteorological observations at the site. Observations include - Glacier surface area and evolution with in situ, UAV-based and remote sensing observations - Meteorological measurements - Glacier snow and - ice properties including impurities - Atmospheric aerosol observations The observations tell about the state of the GGP glacier, its evolution and environmental drivers of that evolution.

The data are organized in thematic .zip- folders:

Atmospheric aerosol measurements.zip

  • particle concentration
  • particle size distribution_PM (particulate matter mass distribution)
  • BC (black carbon mass concentration)

UAV_aerial_photography.zip

  • UAV_DSM (digital surface model)
  • UAV_mosaic (orthomosaic overlay)
  • The technical parameters of the photogrammetric workflow, including camera calibration, bundle block adjustment residuals, and GCP accuracy

Weather.zip

  • weather (weather station data)

Terminus coordinates.zip

  • GGP Terminus coordinates in situ
  • GGP Terminus coordinates 3rd party (1973 expedition + satellite imagery)

Snow impurities.zip

  • snow impurities, pit profiles
  • snow impurities, surface samples

Ablation stakes.zip

  • Ablation stakes (coordinates and height)

Surface reflectance.zip

  • surface reflectance

In addition, links to external data repository (lake.fmi.fi) is provided for:

  • Trail camera photos
  • Individual tiles + photos for UAV_DSM and UAV_mosaic
  • UAV- 3D imaging project data for propietary Pix4D- program

Files

Ablation stakes.zip

Files (5.0 GB)

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Checksum: md5:17c9641cdae3dec5270ee496cf2a6835

PID: http://hdl.handle.net/11304/075cfb43-0c83-4ea9-9bb1-890cd1d5a6f0
1.9 kB
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Checksum: md5:90010aecf878bc501b07423f012b71f0

PID: http://hdl.handle.net/11304/31c65074-cd95-4997-a249-547d7c479265
12.5 kB
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Checksum: md5:ac88ba4b2b68f481cfdb46768fc5719f

PID: http://hdl.handle.net/11304/e6c983dc-3d52-4a90-a8e6-28853240a9c7
3.7 kB
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Checksum: md5:1babf96f44ee00e0d4fc144678891bb9

PID: http://hdl.handle.net/11304/d3dc2630-b2a3-4230-be7b-2207c9de2107
340.4 kB
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Checksum: md5:7eb72fd852dd47699997ebe6bc35a68a

PID: http://hdl.handle.net/11304/3f2c1415-a31d-40df-a469-182b8282412f
20.7 kB
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Checksum: md5:a3e1b8f9fdc08c4a3e7fbd7ad9ee533d

PID: http://hdl.handle.net/11304/0705c636-48f4-439f-9a33-4ef9bb8ff109
5.0 GB
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Checksum: md5:3648a282f0194d562f06d89373ba362e

PID: http://hdl.handle.net/11304/d6ca8fe7-a719-4a94-956f-fec87a56ec7a
635.1 kB
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Additional details

Identifiers

Other
de0b25ee2a5f44e1a889ebfa570ea851
URL
https://etsin.fairdata.fi/dataset/f463d472-7721-4c69-85de-10129311163b

Funding

Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland

Dates

Valid
2026-02
Validated, submitted dataset

FMI metadata

Link to external data location (URL)
https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Trail-camera/HunterCamera.7z, https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Pix4D-projects/GGP2018.7z, https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Pix4D-projects/GGP2019.7z, https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Pix4D-projects/GGP2023.7z, https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Pix4D-projects/GGP2024.7z, https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/UAV/GGP2018_UAV.zip, https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/UAV/GGP2019_UAV.zip, https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/UAV/GGP2023_UAV.zip, https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/UAV/GGP2024_UAV.zip
Parameter
Parameter name : "GGP Terminus coordinates in situ 2018-2025.gpkg"
Parameter unit : degrees, meters above sea level
Parameter description : Terminus coordinates measured in situ with a GPS-tracker. Includes date, latitude, longitude and altitude of the GGP terminus location measured in 2018, 2023, 2024 and 2025 in geopackage format.
URL : https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/UAV/GGP2018_UAV.zip; https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/UAV/GGP2019_UAV.zip; https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/UAV/GGP2023_UAV.zip; https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/UAV/GGP2024_UAV.zip
Parameter name : "GGP20xx_UAV.zip"
Parameter unit : DSMs are in standard file formats of .tif, .las, .laz, .xyz, with coordinate system definition in standard format of .prj and georeference information in standard format of .tfw. Orthomosaics are in standard file format of .tif, with coordinate system definition in standard format of .prj and georeference information in standard format of .tfw.
Parameter description : Extra data for UAV aerial photography: individual tiles for building the digital surface model (DSM) and orthomosaic overlays. Data sets are available per year separately in zipped folders for 2018, 2019, 2023 and 2024. Each year contains two folders 1_dsm and 2_mosaic as well as raw images taken. The 1_dsm folder contains DSMs with subfolder of corresponding tiles. The 2_mosaic folder contains orthomosaics with subfolder of corresponding tiles. The Google tiles folder is also included for convenience.
Parameter name : "GGP_2018-2023_BC.csv"
Parameter unit : Units specified in the file header row
Parameter description : Time series of black carbon measurements with a portable aethalometer. Time in UTC+5, latitute, longitude, altitude, BC concentrations, biomass burning BCc, fossil fuel burning BCc, Angstrom Exponent, Biomass burning contribution
Parameter name : "GGP_2018_particle_concentration.csv"
Parameter unit : Units specified in the file header row
Parameter description : Time series of particle concentrations measured with a portable CPC. Time in UTC+5, latitude, longitude, elevation, particle count, pressure
Parameter name : "GGP_2018_particle_size_distribution_PM.csv"
Parameter unit : Units specified in the file header row
Parameter description : Time series of particle size distribution measured with a portable OPC. Time in UTC+5, latitude, longitude, elevation, PM1, PM2.5, PM10
URL : https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Trail-camera/HunterCamera.7z
Parameter name : "HunterCamera.7z"
Parameter unit : Date and time in UTC+5 are displayed in each photo
Parameter description : Daily trail camera photos (.jpeg) from the weather station aiming at the GGP glacier
URL : https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Pix4D-projects/GGP2018.7z; https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Pix4D-projects/GGP2019.7z; https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Pix4D-projects/GGP2023.7z; https://lake.fmi.fi/ggp-glacier-fmi-data/Pix4D-projects/GGP2024.7z
Parameter name : "Pix4D-projects/GGP20xx.7z"
Parameter unit : The folders and subfolders contain various sets of ASCII, picture format (e.g. jpeg, tiff, pdf), binary and proprietary files readable by Pix4D software.
Parameter description : Extra data for UAV aerial photography: full UAV- 3D imaging project processed in the proprietary Pix4D software version 4.9.0. Includes GGPYYYY_drone_mapping folder with Pix4D project related structure subfolders: 1_initial, 2_densification, 3_dms_ortho, 4_index, and temp. Further includes all photographs taken by drones during the expedition 3d mapping of glacier and stakes positions if available.
Parameter name : "GGP_2018-2025_weather.csv"
Parameter unit : Units specified in the file header row
Parameter description : Time series of automatic weather station measurements. Time in UTC+5, latitude, longitude, elevation, temperature, pressure, Global irradiation, precipitation, wind speed average, wind speed maximum, wind direction, snow depth
Parameter name : "GGP_2019_2023_reflectance.csv"
Parameter unit : Units and data are described in more detail in the "readme"- tab of the file
Parameter description : Surface reflectance measurements with a handheld ASD- device. Time in UTC+5, latitude, longitude, elevation, DN raw signal spectrum of the glacier surface (@325-1075 nm), DN raw signal spectrum of white reference (@325-1075 nm), corresponding albedo spectrum (@325-1075 nm)
Parameter name : "GGP_ablation_stakes_2023-2025.csv"
Parameter unit : Units specified in the file header row
Parameter description : GPS- locations and heights of ablation stake drilled into the GGP glacier. Unique stake id, installation date, observation date, elevation, latitude, longitude, stake height, comment
Parameter name : "GGP_20xx_snow_impurities_pit.csv", where xx denotes expedition year
Parameter unit : Units and data are described in the file header row
Parameter description : Snow impurity measurements from snow pits at the GGP glacier. 2018 has snow pit profiles of carbonaceous concentrations: (1) sample id; (2) date; (3) latitude; (4) longitude; (5) elevation; (6) sampling depth from surface [cm]; (7) amount of meltwater [mL] (8) organic carbon [µg/mL]; (9) elemental carbon [µg/mL].; 2019 has data of: (1) sample id; (2) date; (3) snow pit number; (4) latitude; (5) longitude; (6) elevation; (7) sampling depth from surface [cm]; (8) amount of meltwater [mL]; (9) aluminimum; (10) arsenic; (11) cadmium; (12) cobalt; (13) cromium; (14) copper; (15) iron; (16) manganese; (17) nickel; (18) lead; (19) vanadium; (20) zinc; (21) organic carbon; (22) elemental carbon.
Parameter name : "GGP Terminus coordinates 3rd party 1973-2024.gpkg"
Parameter unit : Date and coordinates of the GGP terminus location in geopackage- format
Parameter description : Terminus coordinates determined from 3rd party sources. Includes date and coordinates of the GGP terminus location in geopackage- format. Year 1973 is from Tajikhydromet expedition records (Vladimirova et al., 1976); year 1989 is from Landsat-5 satellite; years 2000, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 are from Landsat-7 satellite; year 2018 is from Landsat-8 satellite; and years 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024 are from Sentinel-2 satellite.
Parameter name : Parameter name: "GGP20xx_UAV_DMS.tif", where xx denotes to expedition year.
Parameter unit : DSM's are in standard georeferenced .tif -file format.
Parameter description : UAV aerial photography: digital surface model (DSM) of the GGP glacier during annual expeditions. Data sets are available per year for 2018, 2019, 2023 and 2024.
Parameter name : Parameter name: "GGP20xx_UAV_mosaic.tif", where xx denotes to year.
Parameter unit : Orthomosaics are in standard georeferenced .tif -file format.
Parameter description : UAV aerial photography: orthomosaic overlays of the GGP glacier during annual expeditions. Data sets are available per year for 2018, 2019, 2023 and 2024.
Parameter name : "GGP_2019_snow_impurities_surface.csv"
Parameter unit : Units specifies in the file header row
Parameter description : Snow impurity measurements of surface samples at the GGP- glacier in 2019-09. Data includes: (1) sample id; (2) date; (3) latitude; (4) longitude; (5) elevation; (6) sodium in ug/mL; (7) ammonium; (8) potassium; (9) magnesium; (10) calcium; (11) chloride; (12) nitrate; (13) sulfate
Parameter name : "Quality_Report_GGP20xx.pdf", where xx denotes the year.
Parameter unit : specified in the files
Parameter description : UAV aerial photography: Quality Reports. The technical parameters of the photogrammetric workflow, including camera calibration, bundle block adjustment residuals, and GCP accuracy for 2018, 2019, 2023 and 2024.
Topic category
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/environment

Temporal Coverage

Ranges:

Start date: 2018-07-31
End date: 2024-08-30