125-year-long global reanalysis of atmospheric composition (GLOREA-125) of the troposphere and the stratosphere for 1900-2024
Creators
- 1. Finnish Meteorological Institute
Description
This dataset is the global reanalysis of atmospheric composition, including troposphere and stratosphere, calculated using the chemistry transport model SILAM for years 1900-2024. Horizontal resolution of the data is 2 degrees and vertically the data covers altitudes from surface up to 69km using 30 hybrid layers with increasing thickness. Time resolution is one day and the data contain concentration, deposition, and optical depth info for approximately 150 species, including CBM7 tropospheric species, and various species important in stratosphere.
Abstract
This dataset is the global reanalysis of atmospheric composition, including troposphere and stratosphere, calculated using the chemistry transport model SILAM for years 1900-2024. It is driven by European meteorological reanalysis ERA5 using several emissions inventories, for example, CEDS emission inventory for anthropogenic emissions. The dataset has spatial resolution of 2 degrees and time resolution of one day. Due to size limitations the full dataset is shared in https://glorea125-reanalysis-v1-0.lake.fmi.fi/index.html. The annual means for 1900-2024, and monthly means for 1964-2024 are shared directly here.
Methods
The dataset is created using the SILAM chemistry transport model (https://silam.fmi.fi), driven by the global ERA5 meteorology. The model uses carbon bond model version 7 (CBM7) for the main tropospheric chemistry transformations supplemented with stratospheric equations based on the FinROSE model with additional reactions for halogens. The spatial resolution of the output grid is 2 degrees and the dataset provides daily mean values. Vertical dimension consists of 30 hybrid layers with increasing thickness, domain top being at 2 Pa. The thickness of the lowest layer is approximately 20 meters, and the middle of the topmost layer is approximately at 69 km altitude.
The model uses several external emissions inventories for estimating emissions. For example, the anthropogenic emissions are taken from CEDS emission inventory (version 2025-04-18), while the biogenic emissions are from CAMS-GLOB-BIO inventory (version 3.1). Emissions from wildfires are from CMIP7 based inventory (DRES-CMIP-BB4CMIP7, version 2.0), climatological methane emissions from wetlands are taken from WhetCHARTS (version 1.3.3) inventory, and CAMS-GLOB-TERM (version 1.1) inventory was used to estimate methane emissions from termites. GEIA Reactive-Chlorines and GEIA-CFCs inventories, together with several publications were used to make time varying emissions for CFCs, Halons, and other ozone depleting substances. N2O, and NOx emissions from soil were also included, together with lightning NOx emissions. Sea-salt, DMS, and dust emissions are dynamic, driven by meteorology. For years 1900-1939, and 1940-1979, the ERA5 meteorology from 1980-2019 was used to drive the model.
Series information
This is the initial version of the GLOREA-125 dataset.
Table of contents
The NetCDF files shared directly from B2SHARE are the annual mean values for years 1900-1939, 1940-1979, and 1980-2024 (files glob_1900to1939yearmean.nc4, glob_1940to1979yearmean.nc4, glob_1980to2024yearmean.nc4), plus separate annual files for monthly mean values for 1964-2024 (files glob_YEARmonmean.nc4). The full dataset in https://glorea125-reanalysis-v1-0.lake.fmi.fi/index.html provides daily mean values for all the species in files with name glob_YYYYMM.nc4 where the YYYY is the year and MM is the month. Separate monthly averaged annual files and scripts to download the full dataset are also provided.
Each NetCDF-file contains the concentration data in variables with name starting with "cnc_", dry deposition rate in variables starting with "dd_", wet deposition rate in variables starting with "wd_". For species with optical properties (mostly aerosols) the variables starting with "ocd_" describe the optical column depth. The wavelength corresponding to the optical column depth is indicated in the tail of the variable name with "_w380" or "_w550", corresponding the 380 nm and 550 nm, respectively. Aerosols have a part "_m" in their variable names, followed by the nominal diameter of the mode, e.g., "_m3_0" means 3.0 um size, and "_m_05" denotes a size of 0.05 um.
Technical info
All files are in the NetCDF 4 format, closely following the CF-1.3 convention, tested for viewing with GrADS v.2.0, Python 3.7 or higher netCDF4 library, and NASA PanoPly netCDF/HDF/GRIB data viewer (https://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/panoply visited 21.05.2026).
The time stamp (00h:00m) in the data-set files with daily time-resolution is the end of the time averaging window (24hours), and therefore the time corresponds to mean of the previous day. The concentration, deposition, and optical column depth data are trimmed to two digits in the files that shared directly here in the B2SHARE. The full dataset has similar accuracy, using SILAM massmap_precision_factor = 128, however no additional lossy compression was applied to the original SILAM outputs. The NetCDF metainfo contains, e.g., the molar mass (if exists) to convert the units from mole/m3 to ug/m3, and also the size info for aerosol particles.
Files
Files
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Additional details
Funding
- European Commission
- CATALYSE - Climate Action To Advance HeaLthY Societies in Europe 101057131
- European Commission
- healthRiskADAPT - User-driven Health risk Assessment Services and Innovative ADAPTation options against Threats from Heatwaves, Air Pollution, Wildfire Emission and Pollen 101157458
- European Commission
- FirEUrisk - FIREURISK - DEVELOPING A HOLISTIC, RISK-WISE STRATEGY FOR EUROPEAN WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT 101003890
- European Commission
- ClimAIr - Climate change and air contamination: Artificial Intelligence applied on the correlation between air pollutants and non-communicable respiratory diseases in Europe 101156799
- European Commission
- SYLVA - A SYstem for reaL-time obserVation of Aeroallergens 101086109
- Research Council of Finland
- European Warning and Advisory System on Vegetation Fires and Smoke Pollution (VFSP-WASE) 359421
Instruments
- System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition
-
SILAM
(Other)
DetailsExpansion error: Instrument is not eligible for expansion
FMI metadata
- Link to external data location (URL)
- https://glorea125-reanalysis-v1-0.lake.fmi.fi/index.html
- Model
- SILAM: System for integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition
- Parameter
- Data levels (meter, hectoPascal, degree, sigma pressure levels, other) in vertical direction(+/-) for example 1500 m or 850 hPa
- Resolution
- 2
- Resolution unit
- degrees
- Topic category
- http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/TopicCategory/climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
Temporal Coverage
Ranges:
End date: 2025-01-01