This dataset was used for a study on lawns and meadows in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.
It is associated to the manuscript called "Lawns and meadows in urban green space - A comparison from perspectives of greenhouse gas, drought resilience and plant functional types"  (Trémeau et al., 2023). 

Missing data were reported as NA in all the files. 


01_CO-CARBON_Flux_data
	- Flux details of intensive sites + climatic data
	- Figures 2bce, 3, S1, S2, S3, S5, S6 and S7
	- Tables 2, S4 and S5 for calculating the correlation
1) Date	Date of the measurements
2) Year	Year of the measurements
3) Month	Month number of the measurements
4) Week	Week number (cumulative over the years) of the measurements
5) Location	Location where the measurement was recorded
6) Type	Management of the site where the measurement was recorded
7) Site	Combination of the two previous columns
8) Collar Name of the measured collar
9) ID	Identity number of the measurements
10) Replicate	Number of the replicate at a site
11) Air_temp	Daily average temperature (°C); from FMI database
12) Air_press	Daily average pressure (hPa); from FMI (hourly) database 
13) Day_prec	Daily average precipitation (mm); from FMI database
14) Air_temp_measured	Temperature measured inside the chamber during recording (°C)
15) Soil_temp_10cm	Soil temperature measured at 10cm depth during flux recording (°C)
16) Soil_temp_5cm	Soil temperature measured at 5cm depth during flux recording (°C)
17) Soil_mois	Soil moisture measured at 5cm depth during flux recording, mean of 4 measurements (m m-1)
18) Veg_height	Vegetation height measured during recording (cm)
19) LAI	Leaf Area Index manually measured (m2 m-2)
20) Green_cover	Green cover measured with Canapeo (%)
21) Respiration	Instantaneous respiration calculated according to recordings (mg CO2 m-2 s-1)
22) NRMSE	Respiration normalized root-mean-square error	
23) slope	Slope calculated for the respiration according to the measurements (ppm s-1)
24) GPP_1200	Gross Primary Production calculated after recordings at the equivalent of PAR = 1200 (mg CO2 m-2 s-1)
25) GP1200_95perc_CI GPP_1200 confidence interval at 95% (mg CO2 m-2 s-1) 	
26) GPmax	GPP maximum (mg CO2 m-2 s-1)
27) GPmax_se	Standard error of GPmax (mg CO2 m-2 s-1)
28) alpha	Initial slope between GPP and PAR (mg µmol−1) 
29) alpha_se	Standard error of alpha (mg µmol−1)
30) PAR_max	Maximum PAR value measured at a collar (mentioned in 8)) on the day mentionned in 1)
31) GPP_daily (d-1)	Daily Gross Primary Production calculated according to our recordings (mg CO2 m-2 d-1)
32) GPP_daily (s-1)	Averaged Daily Gross Primary Production calculated according to our recordings (mg CO2 m-2 s-1)
33) SPEI_90	for a 90 days-scale
34) SPEI_30	for a 30 days-scale
35) SPEI_14	for a 14 days-scale


02_LIM_Flux_data
	- Flux details of satellite sites
	- Figures 5 and S9
1) Date		Date of the measurements
2) Year		Year of the measurements
3) Month	Month number of the measurements
4) Week		Week number (cumulative over the years) of the measurements
5) Chamber	Chamber used to measure the flux(es)	
6) Location	Location where the measurement was recorded
7) Site	Combination of the two previous columns 
8) Collar	Name of the measured collar
9) ID	Identity number of the measurements
10) Resp	Instantaneous respiration calculated according to recordings (mg CO2 m-2 s-1)
11) Resp_NMRSE	NMRSE calculated for the CO2 meaurements (respiration)
12) Resp_slope	Linear slope of the CO2 measurements (ppm s-1)
13) NO2	Instantaneous N2O fluxes calculated according to recordings (mg N2O m-2 s-1)
14) N2O_NMRSE	NMRSE calculated for the N2O meaurements 
15) N2O_slope	Linear slope of the N2O measurements (ppm s-1) 
16) CH4	Instantaneous CH4 fluxes calculated according to recordings (mg CH4 m-2 s-1)
17) CH4_NMRSE	NMRSE calculated for the CH4 meaurements 
18) CH4_slope	Linear slope of the CH4 measurements (ppm s-1)
19) mois	Soil moisture measured at a 5cm-deep during flux recording, mean of 5 measurements (m m-1)
20) temp	Soil temperature measured at a 10cm-deep during flux recording (°C)


03_COCARBON_Drought_analysis
	- Normalized values calculated from the later file values, according to the calculation explained in section "2.7.1 Statistical analyses regarding drought stress" 
	- Figures 4 and S8
1) Date	Date of measurements
2) Year	Year of measurements
4) Week	Week number (cumulative over the years) of the measurements
5) Type	Management of the site where the measurement was recorded
6) Collar	Collar name	
7) ID	Measurement identity
8) Season	Season of the recording	
9) Season_Year	Season of the recording + the year
10) ST10_N	Normalized soil temperature measured at 10 cm depth	
11) SM_N	Normalized soil moisture measured at 5 cm depth		
12) GC_N	Normalized green cover
13) R_N		Normalized intantaneous respiration
14) GPd_N	Normalized daily GPP


04_Temp&Prec_data
	- Climatic data over the two years of measurements at the intensive sites (2021 and 2022)
	- From Finnish Meteorological Institute database
	- Figure 2a
1) Date	First day of each reported week
2) Week number (cumulative over the years)
3) Precipitation	Weekly precipitation (mm); from FMI database	
4) Averagetemp	Weekly average temperature (°C); from FMI database
5) Maxtemp	Weekly maximum temperature from daily dataset (°C); from FMI database	
6) Mintemp	Weekly minimum temperature from daily dataset (°C); from FMI database


05_LAI_sentinel-2
	- LAI data from Sentinel-2
	- Figures 2d and S4
	- Collectected according to Nevalainen et al., 2022
1) Date	Date of the recorded LAI
2) Day	Day number of the recorded LAI
3) Week	Week number of the recorded LAI
4) Year	Year number of the recorded LAI
5) KMP lawn	LAI data at KMP lawn (m2 m-2)	
6) KMP lawn_std	Standard deviation of LAI data at KMP lawn (m2 m-2)
7) KMP meadow	LAI data at KMP meadow (m2 m-2)
8) KMP meadow_std	Standard deviation of LAI data at KMP meadow (m2 m-2)	
9) VKI lawn	LAI data at VKI lawn (m2 m-2)
10) VKI lawn_std	Standard deviation of LAI data at VKI lawn (m2 m-2)
11) VKI meadow	LAI data at VKI meadow (m2 m-2)
12) VKI meadow_std	Standard deviation of LAI data at VKI meadow (m2 m-2)


06_SPEI_data
	- SPEI data calculated with SPEI R package (Vicente-Serrano et al., 2010; Beguería et al., 2014)
	- SPEI_14, used to draw the red background shades in Figures 2, 3, 4, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 and S8
1) Year	Year number	
2) Month	Month number	
3) Day	Day number
4) Date	Date
5) prcp	Daily precipitation (mm); from FMI database
6) Tav	Daily average temperature (°C); from FMI database
7) Tmax	Daily maximum temperature (°C); from FMI database
8) Tmin	Daily minimum temperature (°C); from FMI database
9) CC	Daily cloud cover (%); from FMI database (converted from 1/8 -> %)
10) P	Daily air pressure (kPa); from FMI database
11) RH	Daily relative humidity; from FMI database
12) Tdew	Daily dewpoint temperature (°C); from FMI database	
13) U	Daily wind speed (km/h); from FMi datbase
14) PET	Daily potential evapotranspiration (mm d-1) calculated by the R function, calculated according to Penman-Monteith equation (Monteith, 1965)
15) WBal	Climatic water balance (mm d-1) 	
16) zvalue_90	Daily SPEI values calculated by the R function for a 90 days interval with the FAO method (Allen et al., 1998)
17) zvalue_30	Daily SPEI values calculated by the R function for a 30 days interval with the FAO method (Allen et al., 1998)
18) zvalue_14	Daily SPEI values calculated by the R function for a 14 days interval with the FAO method (Allen et al., 1998)


07_Plants&flux_2022
	- Data used for the plant functional analysis, inlcuding proportion of each plant functional type and C and N values
	- Plant inventory conducted in June-July 2022 
		(at intensive sites, on 27th June 2022 by Justine Trémeau and Beñat Olascoaga,
		 at the satellite sites, on 21st July 2022 by Beñat Olascoaga)
	- Tables 4, 5 and S6 
1) Location Location of the measurements	
2) Site	Site of the measurements
3) Management	Management of the site
4) Bare_soil	Proportion of bare soil (%), mean of 4 replicates
5) totAb	Total abondance	
6) Grasses	Proportion of grasses (%), mean of 4 replicates
7) Legumes	Proportion of legumes (%), mean of 4 replicates
8) Forbs	Proportion of forbs i.e., flowering vascular plants that were not legumes, nor trees, (%), mean of 4 replicates			
9) Trees	Proportion of tree samplings (%), mean of 4 replicates	
10) Sedges	Proportion of sedges (%), mean of 4 replicates	
11) Horsetails	Proportion of horstails (%), mean of 4 replicates
12) Mosses	Proportion of mosses (%), mean of 4 replicates	
13) CO2	Mean of instantaneous respiration calculated according to recordings measured from May to September (mg CO2 m-2 s-1)	
14) N2O	Mean of instantaneous N2O fluxes calculated according to recordings measured from May to September (mg N2O m-2 s-1)	
15) CH4	Mean of instantaneous CH4 fluxes calculated according to recordings measured from May to September (mg CH4 m-2 s-1)	
16) mois	Mean of soil moisture measured at 5 cm depth during flux recording	
17) temp	Mean of soil temperature measured at 10 cm depth during flux recording (°C)
18) C_soil	Soil Organic Carbon content for soil particules <2mm (%)
19) N_soil	Soil (organic) Nitrogen content for soil particules <2mm (%)
20) CN_ratio	Ratio of the two previous columns


08_Soil_CN_data
	- Soil carbon and nitrogen content measured with LECO (Michigan, USA)
	- Table 1 and S1
	- Analysis on the correlation between soil C&N and plant functional types 
1) Sample_ID	Name of the sample
2) Site	Name of the site
3) Experiment	Name of the experiment
4) Year	Year of collection
5) Carbon	Soil carbon content in the <2mm fraction (%)
6) Nitrogen	Soil nitrogen content in the <2mm fraction (%)
7) CN	Carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N)


09_Various_soil_characteristics
	- Various soil characteristics from the analyses proceeded by Eurofins
	- Table 1 and S1
1) Year	Year of collection
2) Replicate_ID	Name of the sample
3) Site	Name of the site
4) Experiment	Name of the experiment
5) pH	pH value
6) Ca	Calcium value (mg L-1)
7) P	Phosphorus value (mg L-1)
8) K	Potassium value (mg L-1)
9) Mg	Magnesium value (mg L-1)
10) S	Sulfur value  (mg L-1)
11) B	Boron value (mg L-1)
12) Cu	Copper value (mg L-1)
13) Mn	Manganese value
14) Zn	Zinc value (mg L-1)
15) Na	Sodium value (mg L-1)
16) CEC Cation exchange capacity (cmol kg-1)
18) N 	Solub nitrogen value (mg L-1)
19) NO3-N Nitrate value (mg L-1)
20) NH4-N Ammonium value (mg L-1)
17) Need for liming (tons ha-1)


10_COCARBON_Vegetation_inventory
	- Inventory conducted on 27th June 2022, by Justine Trémeau and Beñat Olascoaga at the intensive sites
VERTICAL:
1) Latin name	Latin name of the plant
2) Common name	English common name of the plant
3) Family	Family of the plant
4) Clade	Clade of the plant
5)-8), 11)-14), 17)-20) and 23)-26) M#, L#, K# and N#	Plot number which include the proportion of the 
9), 15), 21) and 27) M_ab, L_ab, K_ab and N_ab	Site's species abondance calculated as the average of the plot proportion at a site level
10), 16), 22) and 28) M, L, K and N	Site name which report presence (1) or not observed (nothing) on the transect from one plot to another

HORIZONTAL (at the bottom of the table):
1') Total abundance	Total species abondance (over 1, when several layers of plants)
2') Bare soil	Proportion of visible bare soil
3') Number of species	Species richness recorded at the ith-column
4') Shannon Index (H)	Shannon index calculated for the ith-column
5') Shannon’s equitability index (E) 	Species evenness calculated for the ith-column